BareSQL

BareSQL is one small program with two tools for SQL databases.

BareSQL Audit logs in to a PostgreSQL database and lists, for every login, each column it can read, how it gets there (a grant, a role, a view, a function, ownership) and whether the column holds personal data. It reads the system catalogs and a small sample of values inside a read-only transaction, and it never calls a function you wrote.

BareSQL Portable checks SQL that has to run on SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL and MariaDB. baresql lint points out constructs that answer differently on different engines, with a form that answers the same everywhere. baresql compare runs the same script on real engines and reports every statement whose answers differ. baresql rules lists the differences BareSQL knows, each with a minimal example and the answer every engine gave.

The program is a single file with no dependencies. It is written in Go with the standard library only, and it talks to PostgreSQL, MySQL and MariaDB over their own network protocols. SQLite runs through the sqlite3 program you have installed.

• Install
• BareSQL Audit
• BareSQL Portable
• Exit codes
• What BareSQL is tested on
• Building and testing

Install

Download the archive for your system from the latest release, unpack it and put baresql (or baresql.exe) on your PATH:

System	Archive
Linux, x86-64	baresql_linux_amd64.tar.gz
Linux, ARM64	baresql_linux_arm64.tar.gz
macOS, Apple silicon	baresql_darwin_arm64.tar.gz
macOS, Intel	baresql_darwin_amd64.tar.gz
Windows, x86-64	baresql_windows_amd64.zip

SHA256SUMS holds the checksums of all five, and the releases page has every version.

Or build it yourself with Go 1.24 or later (the release archives are built with the current stable Go):

go install github.com/softdevstudio/baresql/cmd/baresql@latest

baresql version prints the version, and baresql help <command> the flags of a command.

BareSQL Audit

baresql audit [flags] [connection]
baresql diff old.json new.json

baresql audit answers one question for a PostgreSQL database: which login can read which column, and how. For each login it lists every column it can read and every way it gets there, marks the columns that hold personal data, and adds findings for the setups that usually lead to leaks. It writes two files:

• report.html, a page to read and share: findings first, then one table per login with the personal data it reaches and the route to each column.
• audit.json, the same facts for scripts and for baresql diff.

It also prints a short summary. Values read while looking for personal data are never written anywhere: the report says which category a column looks like (an email address, a card number) and why, never what it holds. JSON keys can be data too (a map keyed by email address), so evidence names a key only when it is a word the column-name rules know, such as email or contact, and shows any other key as *: JSON key *.email.

Connecting

The connection is a postgres:// URL or a key=value string, as for psql:

baresql audit "postgres://[email protected]/shop?sslmode=verify-full"
baresql audit "host=db.example.com dbname=shop user=auditor"

Whatever the connection leaves out comes from the usual PG* variables (PGHOST, PGUSER, PGPASSWORD ...) and from ~/.pgpass, so the password never has to be on the command line. TLS follows sslmode (disable, prefer by default, require, verify-ca, verify-full) with sslrootcert; sslrootcert=system uses the system's certificates and implies verify-full. Unix sockets work as with psql (host=/var/run/postgresql). Logins use SCRAM-SHA-256 (with channel binding over TLS), MD5 or a cleartext password, whichever the server asks for.

Which login to audit with

Any login can run the audit: the catalogs it reads are visible to every role, and the server's own has_*_privilege functions answer for every role. Two things need more:

• Looking at values (to tell an email column from one named notes that holds email addresses) needs read access to the tables. A superuser can sample everything. A member of pg_read_all_data samples every table except those where row security applies to it, and another login samples what it may read.
• Telling MD5 passwords from SCRAM needs a superuser, who can read pg_authid.

Whatever the audit could not see is listed under "Not seen" in the report and the summary, so a partial audit says what it left out.

What the audit does to the database

It opens one connection, starts a read-only transaction (BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ ONLY), sets statement_timeout, lock_timeout, search_path and DateStyle for that transaction only, and turns row security off for its own sampling queries (a non-superuser then sees an error instead of silently filtered rows, and the table is left out of sampling). It never writes and rolls the transaction back at the end.

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