Switching Converter Study · 스위칭 컨버터 스터디 · 开关变换器学习

Learn, design and simulate switching power converters, with every equation derived, tested and cited. 스위칭 전력 컨버터를 배우고, 설계하고, 시뮬레이션합니다. 모든 수식은 유도·검증·인용됩니다. 学习、设计和仿真开关功率变换器，每个公式都经过推导、测试并注明出处。

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English · 한국어 · 中文

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English

An open learning repository on power electronics for electrical engineers (in English, Korean and Chinese) and a web app that puts learning, design and simulation in one place. It covers switching-converter theory (CCM/DCM), the basic topologies, magnetics and losses, energy-harvesting interfaces and bench practice, with LTspice, ngspice and CircuitJS1 (Falstad) files for the five basic converters and nine missions that put the pages and tools to work.

Learn. Each page states what it teaches, derives the result, and explains every symbol beside the equation. It then works an example, links to a tool preset, lists the gotchas and ends with a quiz.

Design. Calculators for the converter, its magnetics, its losses, the flyback clamp, the harvesting source and the current-sense chain. Each result names the equation it comes from.

Simulate. A time-domain simulator in the browser: pick a topology, enter values with SI prefixes and units (100 µH, 200 kHz, 30 %) or move a slider, and the waveforms, the operating mode and the losses follow. Step through the period mode by mode, with the circuit's current paths and each element's state, or see every mode at once: the key waveforms with the modes' boundaries, then each mode's circuit. Every result sits next to the formula's value; the simulator is validated against the formulas to within 2 % and against ngspice. With a resistive load and no Thevenin source, one link opens the same values in CircuitJS1.

How the numbers stay right

flowchart LR
  Y["equations.yaml<br/>the one source of every equation"] --> P["Python + sympy<br/>derivations, LaTeX, test vectors"]
  P --> T["pe-core (TypeScript)<br/>evaluators, simulator"]
  P --> S["Site<br/>equations, worked examples, tools"]
  T --> S
  B["references.bib<br/>verified sources"] --> S

• Every equation is written once, in packages/pe-core/equations/equations.yaml. sympy reproduces its derivation and generates its LaTeX. The TypeScript engine must match the Python reference on shared test vectors to 1e-9 relative.
• Every equation and every claim about a device or method cites a verified entry of references.bib. CI checks each DOI against Crossref, opens each link, and fails on a dead one.
• Math renders with KaTeX in strict mode. Figures are drawn from code (scripts/gen_figures.py). A privacy scan keeps real-project data out (PRIVACY_RULES.md): example numbers are round teaching values.

Contents

Section	Pages
00 Foundations	circuit laws, phasors and Laplace, Fourier series, real passives, semiconductor switches
01 Physics	Faraday's law and inductors, transformers, ferrites and B-H, air gap and A_L, core loss
02 Theory	switching principle, volt-second and charge balance, CCM and DCM, the K parameter, averaged models, small-signal models, the RHP zero, control basics, derivations
03 Topologies	buck, boost, buck-boost, flyback, forward, comparison
04 Magnetics	inductor design procedure, winding loss, leakage inductance, snubbers and clamps, measuring magnetics
05 Simulation	the SPICE library in LTspice and ngspice (directives, how long to run, integration settings), the same circuits in CircuitJS1 (its fixed step and the spike where a diode's current has nowhere to go), verifying with Python, how the in-browser simulator works
06 Bench	PCB layout, gate drive, current sensing, probes and measurement bandwidth, thermal design, protection, low temperature
07 Harvesting	source models, matching, the DCM flyback as a loss-free resistor, SECE, SSHI and MPPT, a design case
08 Gotchas	thirteen bench and design mistakes, each from its symptom to its fix
09 Missions	nine missions with acceptance criteria and a progress tracker kept in the browser
10 Resources	books, courses, videos, application notes, tools and papers, each opened and checked; the bibliography
Tools	equation explorer, simulator, converter designer, magnetics designer, loss budget, clamp check, source matcher, sense chain
SPICE library	sim/: the five converters as LTspice schematics and ngspice netlists, with what to plot and the numbers to expect, and as CircuitJS1 circuits that open on falstad.com

Run it locally

Requirements: Node.js ≥ 22.12, Python ≥ 3.11.

npm install && npm run dev   # site and tools at http://localhost:4321/switching_converter_study/
npm test                     # vitest: pe-core, simulator validation, TS/Python parity

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