Linguist

This library is used on GitHub.com to detect blob languages, ignore binary or vendored files, suppress generated files in diffs, and generate language breakdown graphs.

Documentation

• How Linguist works
• Change Linguist's behaviour with overrides
• Troubleshooting
• Contributing guidelines

Installation

Install the gem:

gem install github-linguist

Dependencies

Linguist is a Ruby library so you will need a recent version of Ruby installed. There are known problems with the macOS/Xcode supplied version of Ruby that causes problems installing some of the dependencies. Accordingly, we highly recommend you install a version of Ruby using Homebrew, rbenv, rvm, ruby-build, asdf or other packaging system, before attempting to install Linguist and the dependencies.

Linguist uses charlock_holmes for character encoding and rugged for libgit2 bindings for Ruby. These components have their own dependencies.

1. charlock_holmes
   • cmake
   • pkg-config
   • ICU
   • zlib
2. rugged
   • libcurl
   • OpenSSL

You may need to install missing dependencies before you can install Linguist. For example, on macOS with Homebrew:

brew install cmake pkg-config icu4c

On Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config libicu-dev zlib1g-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev ruby-dev

Usage

Application usage

Linguist can be used in your application as follows:

require 'rugged'
require 'linguist'

repo = Rugged::Repository.new('.')
project = Linguist::Repository.new(repo, repo.head.target_id)
project.language       #=> "Ruby"
project.languages      #=> { "Ruby" => 119387 }

Command line usage

The github-linguist executable operates in two distinct modes:

1. Git Repository mode - Analyzes an entire Git repository (when given a directory path or no path)
2. Single file mode - Analyzes a specific file (when given a file path)

Git Repository

A repository's languages stats can be assessed from the command line using the github-linguist executable. Without any options, github-linguist will output the language breakdown by percentage and file size.

cd /path-to-repository
github-linguist

You can try running github-linguist on the root directory in this repository itself:

$ github-linguist
66.84%  264519     Ruby
24.68%  97685      C
6.57%   25999      Go
1.29%   5098       Lex
0.32%   1257       Shell
0.31%   1212       Dockerfile

Additional options

--rev REV

The --rev REV flag will change the git revision being analyzed to any gitrevisions(1) compatible revision you specify.

This is useful to analyze the makeup of a repo as of a certain tag, or in a certain branch.

For example, here is the popular Jekyll open source project.

$ github-linguist jekyll

70.64%  709959     Ruby
23.04%  231555     Gherkin
3.80%   38178      JavaScript
1.19%   11943      HTML
0.79%   7900       Shell
0.23%   2279       Dockerfile
0.13%   1344       Earthly
0.10%   1019       CSS
0.06%   606        SCSS
0.02%   234        CoffeeScript
0.01%   90         Hack

And here is Jekyll's published website, from the gh-pages branch inside their repository.

$ github-linguist jekyll --rev origin/gh-pages
100.00% 2568354    HTML

--breakdown

The --breakdown or -b flag will additionally show the breakdown of files by language.

You can try running github-linguist on the root directory in this repository itself:

$ github-linguist --breakdown
66.84%  264519     Ruby
24.68%  97685      C
6.57%   25999      Go
1.29%   5098       Lex
0.32%   1257       Shell
0.31%   1212       Dockerfile

Ruby:
Gemfile
Rakefile
bin/git-linguist
bin/github-linguist
ext/linguist/extconf.rb
github-linguist.gemspec
lib/linguist.rb
…

--strategies

The --strategies or -s flag will show the language detection strategy used for each file. This is useful for understanding how Linguist determined the language of specific files. Note that unless the --json flag is specified, this flag will set the --breakdown flag implicitly.

You can try running github-linguist on the root directory in this repository itself with the strategies flag:

$ github-linguist --breakdown --strategies
66.84%  264519     Ruby
24.68%  97685      C
6.57%   25999      Go
1.29%   5098       Lex
0.32%   1257       Shell
0.31%   1212       Dockerfile

Ruby:
  Gemfile [Filename]
  Rakefile [Filename]
  bin/git-linguist [Extension]
  bin/github-linguist [Extension]
  lib/linguist.rb [Extension]
  …

If a file's language is affected by .gitattributes, the strategy will show the original detection method along with a note indicating whether the gitattributes setting changed the result or confirmed it.

For instance, if you had the following .gitattributes overrides in your repo:

*.ts linguist-language=JavaScript
*.js linguist-language=JavaScript

the output of Linguist would be something like this:

100.00% 217        JavaScript

JavaScript:
  demo.ts [Heuristics (overridden by .gitattributes)]
  demo.js [Extension (confirmed by .gitattributes)]

--json

The --json or -j flag output the data into JSON format.

여기까지가 README 앞부분입니다. 나머지는 원문에서 읽을 수 있습니다. README 전문 보기 ↗