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登录并生成验证文件，在 30 分钟内将其提交到此仓库的默认分支。其他分支或分叉仓库中的文件无效。然后在下方检查文件，即可无需管理员批准直接管理项目。请保留文件以维持管理权限。
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一分钟完成验证A raw photo editor and catalog for the Mac, the spiritual successor to Aperture and Lightroom. Free and open source.
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取自仓库 README
正在加载完整 README。
查看完整 README ↗A raw photo editor and catalog for the Mac, modeled on Lightroom Classic. Free and open source.
Found a bug or want a feature? Open an issue. Want to help with the code? Read CONTRIBUTING.md and SKILLS.md, the project's rules.
xcodebuild -downloadComponent MetalToolchain)Open PixelLoupe.xcodeproj and run the PixelLoupe scheme, or from the command line:
xcodebuild -project PixelLoupe.xcodeproj -scheme PixelLoupe -destination 'platform=macOS' test
The JPEG XL encoder Smart Previews use, libjxl, is checked in already built, as
Packages/JXLEncoder/libjxl.xcframework, so building needs nothing else. Scripts/build-libjxl.sh rebuilds it from
the pinned libjxl release (it needs CMake: brew install cmake). The build is reproducible: with the same Xcode it
gives the same bytes, so the checked-in copy can be verified with git diff --stat after running it.
PixelLoupe updates itself with Sparkle. PixelLoupe ▸ Check for Updates… checks now; at the second launch Sparkle asks whether to check automatically (daily) and whether to download and install updates by itself, and Settings ▸ General changes those answers later. An update window shows what's new in the version on offer (its GitHub release notes) before anything is installed. Development builds don't check (Debug builds would always find the release newer), and neither do the tests.
The app looks for appcast.xml on the latest published release
(https://github.com/twlatl/PixelLoupe/releases/latest/download/appcast.xml, SUFeedURL). Only stable releases are
offered: drafts and prereleases never are. Sparkle installs an update only if it's signed with PixelLoupe's EdDSA key
(whose public half is SUPublicEDKey in Config/Info.plist) and with the same Developer ID as the app.
Pushing a version tag builds a release on GitHub (.github/workflows/release.yml): a Release build signed with Developer
ID, in a disk image (PixelLoupe-1.2.0.dmg, with an Applications shortcut) that is notarized and stapled, so it opens
without warnings, and signed for Sparkle. It's attached, with its SHA-256 checksum, its .appcast.json (version, size
and update signature) and notes generated from the merged pull requests, to a draft release.
git fetch origin && git tag v1.2.0 origin/main && git push origin v1.2.0
Check the draft on GitHub and edit its notes: they're what the update window shows. Publishing it offers the update to
everyone: the Publish Appcast workflow (.github/workflows/appcast.yml) writes appcast.xml from the release's notes
and the .appcast.json (Scripts/appcast.sh) and attaches it to the release, usually within a minute. Editing a
published release's notes writes it again.
The tag sets the app's version (1.2.0). A tag with a suffix, such as v1.2.0-beta.1, makes a prerelease: the disk image
is named after the whole tag, and the app says 1.2.0. The build number is the time of the build (UTC, to the minute,
such as 202610181432), so each build's is higher than every earlier one's.
One-time setup: Scripts/setup-release-secrets.sh walks through exporting the Developer ID Application certificate,
making an App Store Connect API key (Developer role) for notarizing, and making Sparkle's EdDSA update key (in your
login keychain, account net.pixegen.PixelLoupe; it adds the public half to Config/Info.plist, to commit). It stores
them as the repository's Actions secrets (DEVELOPER_ID_P12, DEVELOPER_ID_P12_PASSWORD, NOTARY_KEY_P8,
NOTARY_KEY_ID, NOTARY_ISSUER_ID, SPARKLE_ED_PRIVATE_KEY). Run it again to replace any of them, for example when the
certificate is renewed; steps whose secrets are already set can be skipped. Only the release workflow reads them. It
runs only for tags, and it uses no third-party actions. Back up the Sparkle key (generate_keys --account net.pixegen.PixelLoupe -x <file>, from Sparkle's bin folder): if it's lost, installed copies can't be updated.
On a Mac: Scripts/release.sh 1.2.0 does the same build into build/release, signing with the Developer ID
certificate in your keychain. The GitHub secrets don't reach it: it notarizes with a notarytool keychain profile named
PixelLoupe (the setup script offers to save one, or run xcrun notarytool store-credentials PixelLoupe --key AuthKey_<KEY ID>.p8 --key-id <KEY ID> --issuer <ISSUER ID>). NOTARY_PROFILE names a different profile, and
NOTARY_KEY, NOTARY_KEY_ID and NOTARY_ISSUER give it an API key instead. It signs the update with the Sparkle key in
your keychain (or SPARKLE_KEY_FILE), and checks both before building, stopping if either is missing or the Sparkle key
isn't SUPublicEDKey's. NOTARIZE=0 builds a signed disk image without notarizing it (or signing it for Sparkle), and
SIGNING_IDENTITY=- an ad hoc signed one, to check the packaging without a certificate.
Release builds leave out Sparkle's XPC services (only sandboxed apps use them) and sign its helpers with the app's Developer ID, as notarization requires. The disk image is APFS with LZFSE compression, as Sparkle recommends.
NSCollectionView with layer-backed
cells composited by Core Animation/Metal. Develop renders through Core Image on an MTKView.CIRAWFilter. Grid thumbnails are generated once at import with ImageIO
and re-rendered when a photo is edited.Photo.adjustmentsData). Exposure, white
balance, noise reduction and sharpening run inside CIRAWFilter for RAW files (Core Image filters for other
formats). Tone, levels, curves, color grading, selective color and black & white are folded into a single
3D color lookup table, which also carries Whites, Vibrance and Saturation. Texture, Clarity and Dehaze (the
Adjust panel's Presence section) are Core Image filters on the GPU. The preview renders at display resolution on an MTKView..pixelloupe package containing its own Core Data (SQLite) store,
Catalog.plist settings and a Thumbnails cache. Catalogs either copy imported photos into a storage
folder organized as YYYY/MM-DD, or reference photos where they already are. Catalogs made before the app
was renamed (.lightloupe from LightLoupe, .rawloupe from RawLoupe) still open; they aren't renamed.net.tedlee.LightLoupe, then net.tedlee.RawLoupe) without overwriting any already set, and
copies ~/Library/Application Support/Pixegen/LightLoupe (presets and profiles) to Pixegen/PixelLoupe.@concurrent functions and inserts in batches on a background context.| Folder | Contents |
|---|---|
PixelLoupe/App | Entry point, app delegate, main menu |
PixelLoupe/Catalog | Catalog package format and Core Data stack |
PixelLoupe/Model | Core Data model and managed object classes |
PixelLoupe/Import | File discovery, metadata reading, import pipeline |
PixelLoupe/LightroomImport | Lightroom Classic catalog reader, Lua parser and the import flow |
PixelLoupe/Thumbnails | Thumbnail generation and caching |
PixelLoupe/Library | Library module: sidebar, filter bar, grid, bottom toolbar |
PixelLoupe/Develop | Develop module, adjustment model and render pipeline |
PixelLoupe/Develop/Panel | Adjust panel and its controls |
PixelLoupe/Merge | Photo Merge: the HDR and panorama merges, their sheets, and the Linear DNG writer |
PixelLoupe/ContactSheet | Contact Sheet: its window, page layout, preview and PDF writer |
PixelLoupe/WebGallery | Web Gallery: its window, HTML pages and stylesheet, preview and folder writer |
PixelLoupe/Windows | Welcome, About, new-catalog and catalog windows |
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
G / D | Library / Develop (also ⌘1 / ⌘2 and Lightroom's ⌥⌘1 / ⌥⌘2) |
⌘3 | Map (also Lightroom's ⌥⌘3; Lightroom has no single key for it) |
0–5 | Set rating; Photo ▸ Set Rating and the grid's right-click menu show the keys (a pill over the photos confirms each rating, flag and label applied: "Rating ★★★", "Flag Rejected", "Label ●") |
[ / ] | Decrease / increase rating (each photo one star down or up); with a brush mask selected in Masking, a smaller / larger brush |
⇧[ / ⇧] | With a brush mask selected in Masking: a harder / softer brush (Feather) |
| Two-finger swipe up / down (or scroll wheel) | While the brush is active in Masking (a brush, Subject or Background mask): a larger / smaller brush; with ⇧ held, softer / harder |
Space (held) | While the brush is active in Masking: the pointer becomes a hand, and dragging moves the zoomed photo around (instead of Toggle Zoom) |
M / ⇧M / K | Develop Masking: add a linear gradient / radial gradient / brush mask (O shows the selected mask in red) |
P / U / X | Flagged / Unflagged / Rejected |
6 / 7 / 8 / 9 | Color label red / yellow / green / blue; press the same key again to clear it (purple has no key, as in Lightroom: Photo ▸ Set Color Label) |
| Shift-click | Select every photo between the last one clicked and this one (grid and filmstrip); ⌘⇧-click adds the range |
E, Return or double-click | Enlarge the photo to fill the grid area (Return again or Esc to go back) |
Z or Space | Toggle zoom: between the Navigator's fit choice (FIT or FILL) and its zoom (1:1 or a ratio); from the grid it enlarges the photo zoomed in |
Single-key shortcuts are ignored while typing in a text field.
In the Develop Adjust panel, double-click a slider's label, a color wheel or the curve to reset it.
The side panels' sliders (Develop, Crop, Lens, Masking, Retouch and the preset Amount) also reset when you double-click the knob.
Double-click a slider's value (the number at the right of its label) to type a new one, in the units it shows (50 for 50%), and press Return or Tab, or click elsewhere, to enter it; Escape leaves the value as it was. A value outside the slider's range is set to the nearest end.
Sliders that set a value have tick marks under the track at every tenth of the range (5 on each side of the middle, the middle one longer when it's 0); hold Option while dragging to snap to them (so a −5…+5 slider such as Exposure stops at whole steps). Sliders that zoom or size thumbnails have no ticks.
The top of the left sidebar shows the catalog's name and where its photos are kept, then the Navigator: the selected photo with a white rectangle around the part the enlarged view or Develop shows (the whole photo when it fits), which animates as you switch between fit and zoom. Above it are Lightroom's zoom choices: FIT (the whole photo), FILL (the view filled, cropping the long side), 1:1 (actual pixels) and a menu of other ratios (1:16 … 11:1). Choosing one in the Library grid enlarges the selected photo.
In the enlarged Library view and in Develop, a click on the photo switches between the fit choice and the zoom,
centered where you clicked. The pointer is a magnifying glass while the photo fits and a hand while it's zoomed; drag
to move around. Zooming in and out animates, in the view and in the Navigator. Click or drag in the Navigator's
preview to jump there. Z or Space does the same as a click. The zoom carries
over from photo to photo and between Library and Develop. In Develop, click-to-zoom works with the Adjust, Lens
Corrections and History tools (Crop, Masking and Spot Removal use clicks themselves; the Navigator still zooms there,
except Crop, which always shows the whole photo). Zoomed in with Spot Removal, the pointer is a hand too: drag off the spots
to move around, and click to place one. Zoomed views render only the part on screen, at full resolution.
Settings ▸ Appearance ▸ Appearance follows the system or sets Light, Gray or Dark. Gray is Aperture's look, in between the other two: Light Mode's controls and text on mid-gray panels, toolbar and sidebars, with a black matte behind photos. Choosing a theme (or macOS switching between Light and Dark) puts Matte Color back to the theme's own: 10% in Light, black in Gray, 85% in Dark. Move the slider to change it from there.
Settings ▸ Appearance ▸ Monochrome Mode (off by default) replaces the accent color on buttons, icons (including the sidebar's folder, catalog and collection icons) and selection highlights with dark gray in Dark Mode and black (#000000) in Light Mode and Gray, so nothing in the interface competes with the colors in your photos. Colors that carry meaning (color labels, the rejected flag, curve channels) stay as they are. Checkboxes, switches and focus rings have no color of their own to change; Monochrome Mode sets PixelLoupe's system accent to Graphite for those (macOS's gray, the closest it offers), which macOS applies the next time PixelLoupe opens.
File ▸ Import Photos… (⇧⌘I) opens the import window; dropping files or folders on a catalog window opens it with
them. Across the top: FROM (the source and its path), Copy / Add (copy into a destination, or add the photos
where they are), and TO (the destination and the folder the first photo will land in). Copy / Add and the
destination are remembered for each catalog; a managed catalog starts out copying into its storage folder
(2026/10-15), a referenced one adding in place.
The sidebar lists Devices (iPhones, iPads and cameras connected over USB, read with ImageCaptureCore, and memory
cards: any disk with a DCIM folder, with the camera that shot it and a New
badge when it has photos the catalog doesn't), Volumes and Locations (Pictures, Desktop, Downloads and the last
ten folders imported from) as folder trees, and Choose Folder…. Cards and removable volumes have an eject button.
Include Subfolders (on by default) decides whether a folder's subfolders are read too; Eject After Import (off
by default) ejects a card once all its checked photos have come across. Choosing a source reads its photos and videos
without importing anything, and shows the count on its row. Photos on a card are always copied (Add is dimmed, and
choosing it says why: the catalog would point at a card that's about to be ejected). Ejecting the card being shown, or
unplugging the device, empties the grid. With Settings ▸ Import ▸ Open the import window when a
memory card is inserted (off by default), inserting a card brings PixelLoupe forward with the card chosen. A phone's or camera's
photos show their thumbnails from the device; importing downloads the checked ones to a temporary folder, imports
them as copies, then removes the downloads. A locked iPhone asks to be unlocked (and to trust this Mac) first.
The grid numbers the photos, sorted by Capture Time, File Name or File Type (the button beside the sort pop-up flips between ascending and descending), and can show All Photos,
New Photos (not already in the catalog), or Destination Folders (in a section for each folder they'll be copied
into). New photos start checked; ones the catalog already has show In Library and can't be checked (for Copy, the
same name, size and capture time; for Add, the same file). Space checks or unchecks the selected photos, as does clicking the checkbox of any one of several selected photos; Shift-clicking a checkbox gives every photo between it and the last checkbox clicked that one's state (uncheck one, Shift-click another, and all between are unchecked). Double-click a
photo, or click the loupe button, to see it filling the grid's space; ← / → step and Esc or a double-click goes
back. The right panel's Destination section sets the folder, an optional subfolder, how photos are organized (By
Original Folders, recreating the folders they're in below the source chosen, such as DCIM/100MSDCF on a card; By
Date; or Into One Folder) and, for By Date, the Date Format (2026/2026-10-15, 2026/10-15, 2026/10/15,
2026-10-15 or 2026/October/15), taken from each photo's capture date.
The right panel's File Handling section:
xmp:Rating −1, can't be checked)File Renaming (Copy only) names the copies by a template: Date - Filename (2026-10-15-DSC00112.ARW),
Filename, Shoot Name - Sequence (California Adventure-0001), Custom Text - Sequence, Custom Text - Filename or Date -
Sequence, with a Start Number and Extensions (Leave As-Is, lowercase, UPPERCASE). Shoot Name follows the destination's
subfolder until it's typed; the Example line shows the first checked photo's new name; sidecars follow their photo's
new name, and second copies keep the original names.
Apply During Import sets a Develop Settings preset (applied to each photo it suits, as in Develop), a Metadata preset and Keywords (completed from the catalog's keywords). A file's own rating comes in too: stars as its rating, −1 as Rejected. All of these except the keywords are remembered for each catalog.
The Metadata pop-up lists None and your metadata presets, then New… (makes a preset and chooses it once saved) and Edit Presets… (opens the editor on the chosen preset, or the first one). The editor, as in Lightroom, has the preset's name, a Preset pop-up to switch presets (asking whether to save unsaved changes), and sections of fields: Basic Info, Camera Info, IPTC Content, Copyright, Creator, Image and Status, the IPTC Extension fields, Three Dimensional Projection and Video. Only checked fields are applied: a checked field left empty clears that field on the photo, and an unchecked one is left as the photo has it. Typing in a field checks it; each section's checkbox and Check All / Check None / Check Filled check several at once. Delete Preset… asks first. The same presets are in the Library's Metadata panel (Preset pop-up), and presets made before keep working.
The footer's Import Preset saves Copy or Add, the right panel's choices (except keywords) and the destination under a name (Save Current Settings as New Preset…), and applies them when chosen. Changing a choice afterwards shows the preset as "(edited)" until it's updated (Update Preset); presets can be renamed and deleted, are shared by every catalog, and each catalog remembers the one last chosen.
Import N Photos locks the window (only Cancel works) and shows the progress in its footer. The catalog window switches to Previous Import (in the sidebar's Catalog section: the photos from the latest import) so the photos appear as they come in. With no failures the window closes and a pill over the photos says what happened ("Imported 34 photos · 6 already in the catalog"); otherwise the window lists the failures until Done. Cancel (or closing the window, after confirming) stops the import, keeping what's in so far.
Window ▸ Impromptu Slideshow (⌘Return, as in Lightroom) plays the selected photos, or every photo in the grid from the
selected one on when one or none is selected, full screen on black. Each photo shows for 4 seconds and fades into the
next over 1 second; the slideshow repeats until you stop it. Esc or ⌘Return stops it, Space pauses, and ← /
→ step. The next photo is rendered while the current one shows, so each fade starts from a sharp photo.
With a second display, Window ▸ Secondary Display ▸ Slideshow (⌥⇧⌘Return, also in the toolbar's display menu)
plays the slideshow on the secondary display while the main window stays in front for you to keep working. Choose it
again (it's then Stop Slideshow) to stop.
Window ▸ Contact Sheet (⌃⌥⌘C) opens a window of the selected photos when several are selected, otherwise every photo
in the grid (the folder, collection or other source with its filters), in grid order. Videos are left out. The photos
are fixed when the window opens, and you can open several contact sheets at once.
The middle of the window shows the pages as they'll print, with the photos' Develop edits; the sidebar on the right sets them up, and the pages follow as you change it:
The choices other than the headline and description are remembered for the next sheet. Generate… asks where to save the PDF and writes it in the background, rendering each photo at 300 pixels per inch of its cell (from its Smart Preview when the original is missing; a gray placeholder with its name when neither can be read). The text stays text, so the PDF can be searched. Cancel stops it without leaving a file behind.
Window ▸ Web Gallery (⌃⌥⌘W) opens a window of the same photos a contact sheet would show: the selected photos when
several are selected, otherwise every photo in the grid, in grid order, without videos. The photos are fixed when the
window opens, and you can open several galleries at once.
The middle of the window shows the gallery as a browser shows it, with the photos' Develop edits; its page links work. The sidebar on the right sets it up, and the preview follows as you change it, staying on the page you're viewing:
<head> and <body> (after
the gallery's scripts), for analytics, fonts or a footer. Smart quotes and spelling are off in these fields. The
preview leaves them out, so a tracking script doesn't run as you work. A warning shows under a field that opens a
<style>, <script>, <title>, <textarea> or <!-- comment without closing it, since a browser would treat the
rest of the page as part of it and show none of it.Clicking a photo shows it large in a lightbox, in the preview too (there with its thumbnail). Previous and Next (the
arrows, ← and →, or a swipe) step through every photo in the gallery, not just the page's; Esc, the close button
or a click beside the photo closes it, on the page of the photo it was showing. The address follows the photo
(page-2.html#30), so a link to it opens it. Without JavaScript, a photo is a link to its large image.
The choices other than the headline and description are remembered for the next gallery. Generate… asks for a
folder and writes the gallery into it in the background: index.html (then page-2.html, …), gallery.css,
gallery.js (the lightbox, with no libraries, so it works offline and opened from the disk), photos.js, and each
photo twice, numbered in order (images/thumbs/001.jpg, about 800 pixels on the long edge, and images/large/001.jpg,
2048), as sRGB JPEGs with their Develop edits, screen sharpening, and only the copyright and creator from their metadata.
A photo that can't be read uses its thumbnail, or has no image (you're told which). If the folder already has an
index.html you're asked before it's replaced; only the gallery's own files are replaced, and pages and images left
from a larger gallery are removed. Cancel stops it without changing the folder. The folder is shown in the Finder when
it's done.
The left end of the Library's bottom toolbar has the view buttons, as in Lightroom: Grid (G), Loupe (E,
the selected photo enlarged), Compare (C) and Survey (N). The button for the view on show is highlighted;
Loupe and Survey need a selected photo and Compare needs two (or one with a photo after it). Compare's own bar starts
with the same buttons. The toolbar's sort order and thumbnail size are on the right.
Control-click photos in the grid for Develop Settings ▸, below Add to Collection (as in Lightroom):
⇧⌘R).Each is one undoable step (⌘Z) and is recorded in each photo's History.
The Library Filter bar above the grid works like Lightroom's. Its header chooses the modes: Text, Attribute, Metadata or None. Click a mode to show just it (click it again to turn it off), or Shift-click to add or remove it; the active modes' rows all apply, so a photo must match every one. Each row's × clears that mode.
!word leaves out photos with the word, +word
matches the start of a word and word+ the end, whatever the rule. It searches as you type; Esc clears it and
returns to the grid.⌘-click to add more, or All to clear the
column; each column lists only what the columns to its left leave, and the photos must match every column. The
Date column opens into months and days. A column's header changes what it shows: Date, File Type, Keyword, Label,
Flag, Rating, Camera, Lens, Focal Length, Shutter Speed, Aperture, ISO Speed, GPS Data, Treatment (color or black &
white), Aspect Ratio, Creator, Copyright or Folder. It also adds a column (up to eight) or removes one. Drag the
bottom edge to make the columns taller. The keyword list's arrow shows a keyword's photos (and those below it) by
choosing it in a Keyword column.The menu at the header's right shows the preset the filter matches (or Custom Filter) and applies one: Lightroom's Filters Off, Default Columns, Exposure Info (Focal Length, Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO columns), Flagged and Rated, then your own. Save Current Settings as New Preset… saves the modes and their settings under a name, for every catalog; while the filter matches one of yours, the menu also updates, renames or deletes it. Applying a preset turns on its modes with its settings; the modes it leaves off keep theirs.
Turning a mode off (or choosing None) stops it filtering but keeps what it was set to, so turning it back on brings it
back. The filter stays as you move between folders and collections, and the bar, its modes and their criteria are
saved with the catalog. \ hides the bar without clearing it; while it leaves photos out the filmstrip says so
("42 of 310 photos") with a filter icon that shows the bar again. ⌘F shows the bar's Text mode and puts the cursor
in its field.
The Map module (View ▸ Map, ⌘3, or Map in the toolbar) shows the photos the grid shows that have a location, as
pins on Apple Maps. It follows the source in the sidebar and the Library Filter bar, which it shows too.
The filmstrip along the bottom of the window shows the photos in the current folder (with the current filters), in both Library and Develop. Its selection stays in sync with the grid. The header shows the folder, photo count, selection and the selected photo's path, with flag filters (Picked, Unflagged, Rejected) and the star filter on the right. They're the Library Filter's Attribute criteria: changing them here turns its Attribute mode on.
Drag photos from the grid or filmstrip to the Desktop, a Finder window or another app (Mail, Messages, a browser) to copy them there. Each arrives as a full-size sRGB JPEG of the photo as it looks in PixelLoupe (edits, rotation and crop applied, metadata kept), named after the original. Every selected photo is dragged.
Press C (View ▸ Compare) with two photos selected to see them side by side: the first is the Select (left),
the second the Candidate (right). With one photo selected, the candidate is the next photo. Compare is a Library
view, as in Lightroom: pressing C in Develop switches to Library.
Press N (View ▸ Survey) to see every selected photo side by side, as large as they fit, to pick the best one (as in
Lightroom). Survey is a Library view: pressing N in Develop switches to Library.
← / → to make another one active.⇧N (Window ▸ Secondary Display ▸ Survey) shows a survey of the selection in the secondary window.The Catalog section of the left sidebar (below the Navigator) has, as in Lightroom:
The grid's source (a Catalog item, folder or collection) is restored when the catalog is opened again.
The Folders section of the left sidebar mirrors the folders photos are in. Control-click a folder for Lightroom's folder menu:
⌘Z).The Collections section of the left sidebar (below the folders) holds, as in Lightroom:
B (the target is marked with +).Create them from Library ▸ New Collection (⌘N) / New Smart Collection / New Collection Set, the ⊕ menu on the
Collections header (which also sorts by name or kind and shows or hides Filter Collections), or a set's right-click
menu. The chevron beside ⊕ collapses the section to its heading; it stays that way until it's opened again. Right-click a collection to rename, delete, edit its rules or make it the target. New catalogs (and existing ones,
once) get Lightroom's starter smart collections: Five Stars, Past Month, Recently Modified and Without Keywords. Every
change is undoable.
The sidebar.right toolbar button shows or hides the Library's right sidebar, for the selected photos:
Histogram: as in Develop, but not editable. Computed from the thumbnail, so it reflects edits.
Keywords: click in the field or press ⌘K (Photo ▸ Add Keywords), then type keywords separated by commas (or
press Return). Each becomes a pill; its ✕ removes the keyword.
With several photos selected, keywords go to all of them, and ones on only some are dimmed and marked *.
Metadata: the pop-up chooses one of Lightroom's metadata sets (Default, All Plug-in Metadata, DNG, EXIF, EXIF and IPTC, IPTC, IPTC Extension, Large Caption, Location, Minimal, Quick Describe, Three Dimensional Projection, Video). Values come from the photo's EXIF, TIFF, GPS, IPTC, DNG and XMP metadata.
37°46′29.7″ N 122°25′9.9″ W) or
decimal degrees (37.7749, -122.4194); clear it to remove the location even if the camera recorded one. Smart
collections' Has GPS and the Library Filter's GPS Data follow it. Catalogs from before this read their photos'
locations in the background after opening.Location: a small map of the photos' location (or "Multiple locations"), and a field that finds an address or place as you type (↑ ↓ and Return pick one) or takes "lat, lon", which works offline. Drag the pin to fine-tune. Apply gives the place to the photos that have no location; Replace gives it to all of them, asking first when that replaces a location the camera recorded; Remove takes the location away, even the camera's. They act on every selected photo (not just the target photo, whatever Metadata's Target Photo / Selected Photos says), are saved in the catalog only (the original files keep theirs, and exports use the catalog's) and are undoable.
The Tone Curve section (named as in Lightroom) has Parametric, Point and R / G / B modes, picked with the Adjust buttons (a dot under a button means that curve has been changed). Its graph is square and as wide as the panel, with the photo's histogram behind the curve (that channel's in R / G / B, all three added together otherwise); the curve is drawn in white over the unchanged diagonal, and the R / G / B graphs are tinted from the channel's color to its complement, as in Lightroom. In a point mode, click the graph to add a point (up to 16), drag a point to move it, drag it off the graph or double-click it to delete it, and double-click empty space to reset the curve. Input and Output under the graph show the selected point (the last one clicked or dragged) in 0–255; type in either to move it. Hovering over the graph shows the input and the curve's output there in its corner. The Point Curve menu under the graph has Lightroom's Linear, Medium Contrast and Strong Contrast curves: choosing one replaces the point curve and resets the red, green and blue curves; it shows Custom once the curves are edited. Parametric mode shows the four regions (Shadows, Darks, Lights, Highlights) as sliders; drag up or down in the graph to change the region under the pointer, which is named in the graph (with its amount and a shaded band showing how far it can move the curve) and bolded among the sliders. Drag the triangles under the graph to move the splits between regions, and double-click one to put it back. The parametric curve is applied before the point curve; both are baked into the color table.
Color Mixer has Hue / Saturation / Luminance tabs (a slider per color) and an All tab (pick a color, see its three). Color Grading has Shadows, Midtones, Highlights and Global wheels with Blending and Balance. With Black & White on, its Mix sliders (one per color) take the Color Mixer's place, as in Lightroom. Grain is in Effects, so color photos can have it.
Sharpen has Amount, Radius, Detail and Masking; hold Option while dragging Masking to see the mask in the preview. It works the same on RAW and other files (an active sharpen replaces the RAW engine's default). Noise Reduction has Amount, Color and Detail (Detail applies to non-RAW files). Post-Crop Vignette has Amount, Midpoint, Roundness, Feather and Highlights, and Highlight Priority, Color Priority and Paint Overlay styles. Effects has Grain with Amount, Size and Roughness; each photo has its own grain pattern, and the size is in full-size pixels, so it looks the same fitted or at 100%.
The Lighting tool's top section is Portrait Lighting: switch it on and pick an effect, with Intensity for how strong it is. Studio puts a soft key light on each face from above the camera, and Contour lights each face from one side and shadows the other: the side it's turned toward, or the camera's left for a face looking straight at it. They follow how each face is turned and tilted; someone whose face can't be found is lit from the top of them. Stage puts the people in the photo on black (Intensity takes the background from the photo to black) and Stage Mono does the same with them in black and white. It works on the people Vision finds (not pets or things, as Subject masks do), pulled onto the photo's own edges; until they're found the panel says so, and a photo with no one in it is left alone. Portrait Lighting is applied before Rim Light, so a rim can light someone on a Stage. It's copied by Copy and Sync Settings and saved in presets (as PixelLoupe's own setting, which Lightroom ignores).
The softbox beside Adjust opens Lighting, whose Rim Light section has up to three colored lights behind the subject that catch its edges, from Pixegen's Filter ▸ Rim Light. Switch it on to get a warm light from the upper left; each light has a color, Angle (where it comes from, 90° is from above), Strength, Width (how far in from the edges it reaches) and Choke (how hard its inner edge is), and Add Light puts the next one across from the last. Glow spreads some of the light into the air around the subject. It lights the subject Vision finds (the same one Subject masks use, pulled onto the photo's own edges so hair catches the light); until it's found, the panel says so and the photo shows without it. Rim Light is copied by Copy and Sync Settings and saved in presets (as PixelLoupe's own setting, which Lightroom ignores).
The History tool lists a photo's edits, newest first, and Snapshots above it. Every edit in Develop adds a step (the first adds an "Original" step); click a step to take the photo back to it, and the next edit drops the steps after it, as in Lightroom. ⌘N in Develop saves a snapshot (File ▸ New Snapshot; it is New Collection elsewhere); click a snapshot to apply it, double-click its name to rename it, and Update or Delete it with the buttons. The panel's right-click menu has Clear History. ⌘Z still undoes the last edit, and takes its history step with it. A photo keeps its latest 500 steps, each stored as a few hundred bytes of compressed JSON with only the sections that differ from the defaults. The Lightroom import sheet has Import develop history and snapshots (off by default): steps and snapshots come across with their dates and names, as compressed Lightroom settings that are converted the first time the photo's History is shown.
The Spot Removal tool (Q) removes blemishes: pick Heal or Clone, then click the photo. A circle marks the spot and a dashed one its source (chosen beside it); drag either, and use the sliders for Size, Feather and Opacity. To resize a spot, drag one of the four handles on the circle under the pointer or the selected one, or scroll. A new spot takes the size of the last one you resized, as it looked on screen, so zoomed in it covers less of the photo. Heal keeps the source's texture and takes the colors and brightness around the spot; Clone copies it as it is. Choose Red Eye and click an eye: PixelLoupe finds the red pupil near the click, takes the red out and darkens it. Delete, or the ⓧ button on its row in the list, removes a spot. Spots are drawn on the photo as decoded, before the other edits, and stored as shapes. A Lightroom import brings in spots (heal and clone) and red eyes; generative or AI removals can't be imported and are reported.
The Masking tool (⇧W, or its button in the Develop sidebar) adjusts part of a photo. M adds a linear gradient, ⇧M a
radial one, K a brush, and O shows the selected mask in red (the picker at the top of the panel adds each kind of mask and highlights the selected mask's kind; Subject and Background
are also in the View menu). On the photo, drag a linear gradient's lines (or its middle to move it),
or a radial gradient's handles (edge, feather ring, center, and the outer handle to turn it). On a brush mask, drag to paint and
⌥-drag to erase; the pointer shows the brush's edge and where its feather starts. The brush's Size (a share of the photo's long
edge), Feather, Flow (how much each pass adds) and Density (the most a stroke reaches) apply to the next stroke, and [ ] and
⇧[ ⇧] change its size and feather, as does swiping up or down with two fingers over the photo (with ⇧ for the feather);
holding Space turns the pointer into a hand to move a zoomed photo around. Each mask has its type and an Invert switch at the top, then Amount, then the Develop
panel's own sections for the masked area: White Balance (Temp and Tint, warmer or cooler than the photo), Light, Presence,
Color Grading, Black & White, Tone Curve, Levels, Definition, Color Mixer, Noise Reduction, Sharpen and Effects (grain), each with its switch
and reset as in the Adjust panel; they render just as the photo's do. Light starts open, and which sections are open is
remembered for masks apart from the Adjust panel. Masks from before these sections open with their sliders in Light and
Presence. the red ⊗ button
at the end of its row in the mask list deletes it; all of it is undoable, one step per brush stroke. Masks are stored as shapes and
brush strokes, not bitmaps, in the photo's coordinates before cropping, so they stay on the subject if the crop changes and are as
sharp in an export as on screen. Delete All Empty Masks also removes brushes that were never painted. Subject and
Background (the picker, or View ▸ Select Subject / Select Background) select what Vision finds as the photo's subject, or
everything else; Feather softens the edge and Edge shrinks or grows the selection. The brush refines either one: drag on the photo
to add to the selection and ⌥-drag to take away (the latest stroke wins where strokes cross, and Invert flips what was found, not
the strokes). The subject is found once per photo (it takes
a moment the first time, and the panel says "Finding the subject…") and kept in the app's caches, not the catalog; it's found
again only when Lens Corrections, Rotate/Flip or Transform change, and pasted settings find each photo's own subject (see
docs/adr/0003-subject-matte-cache.md). Range, sky and people masks aren't available yet; a Lightroom import brings in linear and radial gradients (the old graduated and radial filters and the newer
masks) and reports the rest.
A Lightroom crop and its straightening angle import as a PixelLoupe crop (LightroomCropConverter): the rectangle's y axis
is flipped, the angle's sign is flipped, and the rectangle's center is carried around the photo's center by the angle. A
crop that matches the photo's proportions imports as Original, and one that matches a menu ratio (within 0.5%) as that
ratio; "Constrain Aspect Ratio" decides whether the aspect is locked. The direction and frame conventions follow the
Jira description and haven't been checked against Lightroom exports.
The Adjust panel's Transform section corrects perspective: Vertical, Horizontal, Rotate, Aspect, Scale and X/Y Offset sliders, Constrain Crop (zoom in until no empty corner shows) and Upright. Upright ▸ Level measures the tilt (horizon, else straight edges) and sets Rotate; Auto, Vertical, Full and Guided need analysis PixelLoupe doesn't have yet. The warp is one projective resample on the GPU, applied after orientation and before the crop. A Lightroom import brings the manual sliders across; Upright's mode and stored matrix are recorded but not applied yet (their format hasn't been verified), and the photo is reported.
A Lightroom photo that used an Adobe lens profile gets the LensFun profile for the same lens (matched by the profile's lens name, then the photo's lens, and the camera's mount). With no match the camera's own correction is used where it has one and the photo is reported.
The Presets tool (second icon in Develop's right panel) lists Lightroom presets by group, searchable by name.
Double-click a preset (or select it and click Apply) to apply it to the photo: only the settings the preset holds
change, as in Lightroom, and it's one undoable step in the photo's History, named after the preset. Copy puts the
preset on the settings clipboard; Photo ▸ Paste Settings (⇧⌘V) then applies it to every selected photo, in
Develop or in the Library grid. Photo ▸ Copy Settings (⇧⌘C) copies a photo's own settings instead (pasting them
keeps each photo's crop, rotation, spots, red eye and masks).
Presets are Lightroom / Camera Raw .xmp files. The options menu (…) at the top of the panel imports presets (files or
folders) into ~/Library/Application Support/Pixegen/PixelLoupe/Settings, one folder per group; Import Lightroom's
Presets brings in the ones Lightroom installed (/Library/Application Support/Adobe/CameraRaw/Settings, and older .lrtemplate ones). Profiles
go to their own library (below). After applying a preset that supports it, an Amount slider (0–200%) under the
list scales it, from the photo as it was before the preset (0%) to the preset (100%) and beyond: numbers move
between the two, on/off settings and differently shaped curves switch at 50%. Each drag is one undoable step in History
("Preset: Punch 50%"); another edit, or another photo, ends the slider. ISO-adaptive presets (Lightroom's "+ NR" defaults) set their noise
reduction for the photo's ISO, interpolated between the ISOs they list; baseline presets ("Adobe Default", "Camera
Settings", and the defaults built on them) start from PixelLoupe's defaults, keeping the photo's crop, rotation,
spots, red eye and masks.
To make your own preset, click + at the top of the panel (Create Preset…): name it, pick or type a group, and
check the settings it holds (White Balance, Basic Tone, Presence, Tone Curve, Color Mixer, Color Grading, B&W, Detail,
Effects, Lens Corrections, Transform, Calibration, Profile). It's saved as a Lightroom-compatible .xmp in the presets
library, so Lightroom and Camera Raw can use it too; PixelLoupe-only settings aren't written. Right-click a preset for
Apply, Copy, Update with Current Settings (the same settings it held, from the photo, keeping its UUID),
Rename…, Show in Finder and Delete (to the Trash); right-click a group to rename it.
Hovering over a preset previews it on the photo and in the Navigator, without applying it; moving off the list puts
the photo back. As in Lightroom, the list shows only the presets that suit the photo: ones restricted to another
camera (CameraModelRestriction), made only for monochrome cameras or only for color ones (SupportsColor,
SupportsMonochrome), or only for HDR editing are hidden. Presets that only partly apply (their profile isn't
imported, or isn't for this camera) are dimmed, with the reason in their tooltip; Show Partially Compatible
Presets in the panel's options menu (…) hides them. Older Lightroom presets (.lrtemplate, Lightroom 7.2 and
earlier) import too and are saved as .xmp; their spot removal and local corrections aren't carried over.
Importing presets also imports Adobe's profiles (.xmp files of looks: Adobe Raw, B&W, Modern, Vintage, Artistic
and the camera-matching profiles) into ~/Library/Application Support/Pixegen/PixelLoupe/Profiles. The Profile pop-up
then lists them by group after PixelLoupe's own looks (camera-matching ones for the photo's camera only). Moving through
the menu previews the highlighted profile on the photo and in the Navigator; closing it without choosing puts the
photo back. They render from their own tables: the look table (hue, saturation and value changes over ProPhoto RGB) and the RGB table
(a 3-D lookup in its own color space, usually Adobe RGB), each baked into a color cube at the profile's Amount, under
the curves, color grading and black and white. Settings that come inside a profile (Adobe Vivid's clarity and curve,
a B&W profile's contrast) render with it without moving the sliders. Presets and imported Lightroom catalogs that
name a profile use it when it's been imported, by its UUID or name; a B&W profile makes the photo black and white.
Adobe's default (Adobe Color / Standard) stays PixelLoupe's own rendering, and PixelLoupe's RAW rendering itself isn't
Adobe's, so results are close to Lightroom's rather than identical.
The Profile section has PixelLoupe's own looks (Default, Neutral, Vivid, Landscape, Portrait, Monochrome) and an Amount (0–200). They are built into the color table and run first; they approximate Adobe's profiles, which can't be reproduced. Calibration rotates and strengthens the red, green and blue primaries and tints the shadows. A Lightroom import maps Vivid, Landscape, Portrait, Monochrome and Neutral (Adobe or Camera) to the matching look and reports each photo; Adobe Color and Standard import as Default and are counted once in the report; Embedded is nothing; any other profile is listed by name.
White Balance is the first section of the Adjust panel after Profile, as at the top of Lightroom's Basic panel. It has the White Balance Selector (the eyedropper, also W), a WB: pop-up, and Temp (2,000–50,000 K, on a track that gives the low end more room) and Tint (−150…+150) sliders drawn blue to yellow and green to magenta.
The top of Develop's right sidebar shows the photo's red, green and blue histogram as edited (gray where all three overlap), with the ISO, focal length, aperture and shutter speed underneath.
J for both.The camera icon at the top of Develop's right sidebar shows Lens Corrections, with Lightroom's two tabs.
Corrections are part of the non-destructive edit and show everywhere the photo does. Each photo keeps its resolved profile, so thumbnails never need the lens database.
The icons at the top of Develop's right sidebar switch between the Adjust tools and Crop & Straighten (R).
X swaps
landscape/portrait.⌘[ / ⌘]), Flip Horizontal / Vertical, Reset to Camera Orientation and
Restore Orientation from Metadata. The crop turns with the photo.Return, R, Close or switching tools applies the crop
(one undoable edit); Esc cancels. Like every edit it's non-destructive, and it shows everywhere: grid,
filmstrip, enlarged view, Compare and the loupe.Press ` (or click the loupe button in the toolbar) to show or hide the loupe. Hold ` and click the photo
to place it on a spot.
View ▸ Before/After compares the photo with how it was before its edits, using Lightroom's keys. The before keeps the photo's framing (orientation, crop and straightening, and the Transform sliders) so the two line up; everything else is back at its defaults.
Y) and Top/Bottom (⌥Y): the before and the edited photo side by side, each as large as fits.
Zooming (Z, a click, the Navigator) zooms both alike, and dragging pans both.\): the before in place of the edited photo; \ again shows it edited.⇧Y): one photo with a line down the middle, the before left of it and the edited photo right of it.Press the same key again (or choose the checked item) to go back to the edited photo. The view stays as you move from photo to photo. Crop & Straighten, Masking and Spot Removal show the photo their own way: opening one ends Before/After, and choosing a Before/After view closes it. The histogram always shows the edited photo.
File ▸ Export… (⇧⌘E) opens the Export dialog for the selected photos, laid out like Lightroom's: presets on the
left (PixelLoupe's For Email, For Website and Full Sized JPEGs, then your own, with Add and Remove), settings on the
right:
Video is shown as in Lightroom but disabled: PixelLoupe doesn't import video yet. Export with Previous (⌥⇧⌘E) repeats
the last export's settings and File ▸ Export with Preset uses a preset directly. Exports run in the background, a few
photos at a time, with progress and Cancel in the Library's bottom bar. Presets are shared by every catalog, in
~/Library/Application Support/PixelLoupe/Export Presets.
Photo ▸ Photo Merge ▸ HDR… (⌃H, also in the grid's right-click menu) merges two or more bracketed RAW photos of the
same scene into one high-dynamic-range photo, as Lightroom does. The HDR Merge Preview sheet shows the result on the
left, updating as the options on the right change. Click the photo to zoom to 100% (the part shown is merged at full
resolution), drag to look around, and click again to fit it:
The merge runs on the GPU in Core Image kernels (PixelLoupe/Merge/HDRMergeKernels.ci.metal); the preview is the
same merge at the sheet's size, so it shows what Merge makes. Merge runs in the background with progress and Cancel in
the Library's bottom bar, and selects the result when it's done. The merged photo is a Linear DNG (16-bit floating point) saved beside the earliest photo as
<name>-HDR.dng (-HDR-2, -HDR-3… when that name is taken), so it develops like any RAW file with highlights
several stops above white to recover (stored in 256×256 tiles, as cameras do). It takes the middle exposure's white balance, capture date, camera and shooting
details, and every source's keywords; its rating, flag and label start empty. Only RAW photos from one camera, all
the same size, can be merged.
Photo ▸ Photo Merge ▸ HDR with Previous Settings (⌃⇧H, or hold Shift in the menu) merges straight away with the last
options used, without the sheet, in the background as Merge does. Panorama with Previous Settings (⌃⇧M) works the same
way. When the photos can't be merged (a JPEG among them, or photos from different cameras), an alert says why.
Photo ▸ Photo Merge ▸ Panorama… (⌃M, also in the grid's right-click menu) merges two or more overlapping RAW photos
into one panorama, as Lightroom does. The Panorama Merge Preview sheet shows the result on the left, updating as the
options on the right change. Click the panorama to zoom to 100% (the part shown is merged at full resolution), drag to
look around, and click again to fit it. The sheet says how many of the photos merged: photos that don't overlap any of
the others are left out ("10 of 12 photos merged").
Without Fill Edges, where the photos don't reach, the sheet shows a checkerboard and the merged photo is white (in Develop, thumbnails and
exports). When a photo has no lens profile to apply, the sheet shows Lightroom's notice: for the best results, apply the
lens's profile in Develop's Lens Corrections before merging. Photo ▸ Photo Merge ▸ Panorama with Previous Settings
(⌃⇧M, or hold Shift in the menu) merges straight away with the last options used, without the sheet; Perspective
becomes Spherical for photos it can't show.
Each photo is decoded linearly with the earliest photo's white balance, its lens profile applied (the camera's built-in
profile, its Lens Corrections profile in Develop, or the LensFun profile for its camera and lens), and scaled by its
exposure (shutter speed, aperture and ISO) to the photos' average, as Lightroom's merges render. Corners found in each
photo are matched between every pair, and the matches give each photo's rotation and the lens's focal length, refined
together and levelled so the horizon is straight and verticals stand up. Seams follow where neighboring photos look
most alike (a graph cut, so they go around things that moved, like water and leaves), brightness differences the
exposures don't explain are evened out, and the photos are blended across the seams band by band (a Laplacian
pyramid) on the GPU, in Core Image kernels (PixelLoupe/Merge/PanoramaKernels.ci.metal). The preview is the same
merge at the sheet's size. Merge runs in the background with progress and Cancel in the Library's bottom bar, and
selects the result when it's done. The panorama is a Linear DNG (16-bit floating point) at the photos' own resolution,
up to Lightroom's limits (65,000 pixels on a side, 512 megapixels), saved beside the earliest photo as <name>-Pano.dng
(-Pano-2, -Pano-3… when that name is taken). It takes the earliest photo's capture date, camera and shooting
details, and every source's keywords; its rating, flag and label start empty. Only RAW photos from one camera, all the
same size, can be merged.
Photo ▸ Photo Merge ▸ HDR Panorama… (no shortcut, as in Lightroom) merges a panorama shot as exposure brackets, one bracket at each position, in one step. Select every photo (say 9 positions × 5 exposures). The photos are sorted by capture time and split into sets: the first set size (2 to 9) where every set has the same exposure compensation pattern (−2, 0, +2…) with no step repeated. Compensation is read from each file's EXIF, since each position can meter its own base exposure and the darkest frames can all hit the fastest shutter speed; photos that don't record it are matched by exposure (shutter speed, aperture and ISO) instead. When the photos aren't sets of one bracket, Lightroom's alert asks "Unable To Detect HDR Exposure Bracket Size. Merge To Non-HDR Panorama Instead?": Yes opens the Panorama sheet for all of them.
The HDR Panorama Merge Preview sheet has the Panorama options and says how many bracket sets merged. Each set is merged
as HDR does (Auto Align on, no deghosting, no tone mapping: the panorama's Auto Settings tones the result), as Core Image
needs it at each size rather than written out first, and the sets are placed, blended and stored as one panorama, so
positions metered differently match. The merged photo is <name>-HDR-Pano.dng, beside the earliest photo; Create Stack
stacks every photo under it in the order they were taken.
Photo ▸ Edit In (also in the grid's right-click menu) sends the selected photos to another app, such as Photoshop, Pixelmator Pro or Affinity Photo, and brings the result back, as Lightroom does:
⌘E) and Edit in (additional editor) (⌥⌘E) use the apps chosen in Settings ▸
External Editing; the additional editor's saved presets are listed below them. Open in Other Application… picks
the app (and file options) each time.IMG_0002-Edit.tif (Filename-Edit; -2, -3… when the name is
taken), and join the catalog straight away with the original's rating, color label, keywords and metadata (not its
flag) and default Develop settings (the edits are already in the pixels). With Stack With Original they go into a
stack just above the original, and a photo edited from a collection is added to that collection. Adding them can't be
undone, like an import: remove the photo instead. Copies are written in the background with progress in the bottom
bar, then open in the editor together.Settings ▸ External Editing has a section for each editor (Application with Choose… and Clear; File Format TIFF or PSD; Color Space sRGB, Display P3, Adobe RGB or ProPhoto RGB; Bit Depth 8 or 16; Resolution; Compression None, LZW or ZIP for TIFF), a Preset pop-up for the additional editor (Save Current Settings as New Preset…, Rename, Delete), Stack With Original, and Edit Externally File Naming (Export's templates with Custom Text and Start Number, and an example). The primary editor starts at 16-bit ProPhoto RGB TIFF with ZIP, the additional at 8-bit sRGB TIFF with LZW, as in Lightroom. There is no HDR column: PixelLoupe edits in standard dynamic range. PSD copies are flattened, and PixelLoupe reads PSD files' flattened composite, so layers added in the editor show as the composite.
PixelLoupe ▸ Edit Watermarks… opens the Watermark Editor, laid out like Lightroom's. The preview starts at the selected photo, and ◀ ▶ step through the photos in the grid (with several selected, through those; with no photos, a sample). Choose Text (font, style, alignment, color and a shadow with opacity, offset, radius and angle) or Graphic (a PNG or JPEG), then set the opacity, size (proportional to the photo's width, fit or fill), insets, anchor and rotation. Sizes are relative to the photo, so a watermark looks the same at any export size.
Watermarks are saved as presets shared by every catalog, in ~/Library/Application Support/PixelLoupe/Watermarks. The
preset pop-up offers Lightroom's Simple Copyright Watermark, your presets, and Save Current Settings as New Preset,
Update, Rename, Delete and Restore Default Presets; an edited preset shows "(edited)". Save asks for a name when the
watermark is new or edited. Export (RAW-14) applies a watermark preset.
Keywords form a tree, as in Lightroom (Places > Ireland > Dublin). In the Library's right sidebar, Keywords takes
typed names: Places > Ireland > Dublin (or with |) makes or reuses that path, a plain name uses the one keyword
with that name (a pop-up asks which when several share it), and a new name makes a top-level keyword. Pills show the
keyword's own name and the full path as a tooltip. Keyword List shows the tree with photo counts and a filter
field; its checkboxes add a keyword to, or remove it from, the selected photos, the arrow beside a count shows that
keyword's photos, and the context menu creates, renames, deletes and edits (synonyms and export options) keywords.
The keyword filter and the smart-collection rule "Keywords contains…" also match keywords below the one chosen, and
synonyms.
A Lightroom import keeps the people you named: person keywords are marked as people, listed together under People at the top of the Keyword List (they stay in the tree too), and each face region Lightroom found is kept with its photo (its rectangle, a status of suggested, confirmed or ignored, and the person it was named with). PixelLoupe doesn't detect or cluster faces yet; the regions are there for a People view to use later. A smart collection can use the rule Person (is, is not, contains…), which matches person keywords only.
Smart collections match on rating, pick, color label, keywords (and their parents and synonyms), dates, file type (including Video), camera, lens, ISO, focal length, aperture, shutter speed, GPS, cropped, black & white, title, caption, creator, copyright, any searchable text, and membership of another collection. "Match" can be all, any or none of the rules, and rules can be grouped (groups come from Lightroom imports; the editor keeps them as they are).
In a collection, Custom Order in the Sort pop-up shows the photos in the collection's own order (Lightroom's order for imported collections). Drag photos in the grid to reorder them; it is undoable.
A RAW file and a JPEG with the same name in the same folder import as one photo (Lightroom's default): the RAW is
the photo, the JPEG is its sidecar. The Inspector's File Type shows Raw + JPEG, and removing the photo from disk
moves the JPEG to the Trash with it. Settings ▸ Import ▸ Treat JPEG files next to RAW files as separate photos
imports them as two photos instead. Photoshop (.psd) files import and show like any image. Video files (MOV, MP4, M4V…)
import as view-only items: they get a poster-frame thumbnail with a play badge and duration, the viewer plays them with
the standard controls, and Develop and Export leave them alone. A Lightroom import brings across the same kinds,
including a video's duration, trim points and poster frame.
File ▸ Import Lightroom Catalog… (also a button in the Welcome window) turns a Lightroom Classic catalog (.lrcat,
Classic 13 or later) into a new PixelLoupe catalog. It is a one-time import: the Lightroom catalog is only read, and
photos stay where they are (a Referenced catalog), never copied or moved.
The open panel starts in ~/Pictures/Lightroom. If Lightroom has the catalog open, PixelLoupe offers to import a
snapshot (a temporary copy of the catalog and its write-ahead log); Lightroom's own files are not changed. A summary
sheet lists what the catalog holds (photos and how many are missing on disk, folders, keywords, collections, virtual
copies, stacks, photos with edits or masks, file types PixelLoupe can't open) and asks for the new catalog's name and
location, which default to the Lightroom catalog's name next to it. Progress shows each step and Cancel deletes the
partly imported catalog.
When the import finishes, the report lists the totals and the photos whose settings were only partly imported, grouped
by reason, with a Show Photos button for each group. It is saved in the catalog package as LightroomImport.json
and reopens from Library ▸ Lightroom Import Report. The "Imported with Differences" smart collection (rule: Imported
with Differences is true) gathers those photos.
Develop settings are imported by LightroomDevelopMapper. So far:
Exposure; White Balance (a RAW file's temperature, tint and preset name; a JPEG's incremental temperature and
tint; Auto becomes As Shot and is reported); and the Basic sliders (Contrast, Highlights, Shadows, Whites, Blacks,
Texture, Clarity, Dehaze, Vibrance, Saturation); tone curves (point curves exactly, over 16 points simplified and
reported; parametric sliders and splits); and the color tools (HSL, color grading with split toning from older
catalogs, black & white with the gray mixer); and detail and effects (sharpening, noise reduction, post-crop
vignette, grain). Lightroom's default RAW sharpening and color noise reduction are not treated as edits. Lens corrections and manual
perspective import too. Photos last edited with Lightroom's older tone controls (process versions 2003 and 2010) are
converted approximately (Exposure, Fill Light, Recovery, Blacks, Brightness, Contrast, Clarity and the tone curve) and
reported as "Older process version — approximated"; 2012-and-later photos never use those keys.
Every other setting is listed in LightroomDevelopCoverage and, when it isn't at its default, shows up in the report as
"not imported" until its panel is mapped. Slider conversions live in LightroomScales.swift.
Imported edits are meant to be a close approximation of Lightroom's look, so there is a test that measures it:
Scripts/fidelity.sh /path/to/fixtures imports each case's Lightroom settings (settings.xmp, a sidecar or a preset), renders
the photo with PixelLoupe at the size of Lightroom's export (reference.tif: 16-bit, Display P3, 2048 px), and compares
them with mean and 95th-percentile ΔE2000 and a luminance SSIM. It writes report.html with every case's render, the
export and a difference image beside each other, and fails any case over its family's target (mean 3, p95 6 to start; crop
within 1 px, transform within 2). The fixtures are <family>/<case>/{source.*, settings.xmp, reference.tif} in a folder outside
the repository (about 40 photos); Scripts/fetch-fidelity-fixtures.sh unpacks an archive of them. The same file has the pieces for
tuning LightroomScales: SliderSweepFit turns a slider sweep (−100…+100 against the PixelLoupe value that matched best) into a
monotone table to paste in. The tests that check this tooling (published ΔE2000 data, SSIM, the report, the sweep fit) run with
the normal suite; the comparison against real exports runs only when PIXELLOUPE_FIDELITY_DIR is set.
Photo Merge ▸ Panorama is checked in CI on synthetic panoramas (a textured scene photographed by a turning camera).
Its tests on the RAW-95 sample photos (12 overlapping RAW photos, with Lightroom's Spherical and Cylindrical merges of
them) run with Scripts/panorama.sh [samples] [output], or whenever PIXELLOUPE_PANORAMA_SAMPLES names the photos'
folder; they stay out of the normal suite because they keep the GPU busy long enough to starve the Develop tests that
wait on renders. They check the alignment, the panorama's size against Lightroom's and how quickly the preview
updates, then merge the photos at full resolution and write the DNGs, a comparison with Lightroom's merges and the
timings (timings.txt: how long each step took and the memory used).
Lens profiles come from the LensFun database, licensed under
CC BY-SA 3.0 and bundled unmodified in
PixelLoupe/Resources/LensFun with its license. PixelLoupe implements LensFun's correction models itself and doesn't
include the LensFun library.
PixelLoupe is free and open source under the MIT License. Material from others that ships with it, or that it works with, is listed in THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.md; the About window shows the same credits.
F | View the photo full screen (Esc returns to the grid) |
← / → | Previous / next photo while enlarged, full screen or in Develop (filmstrip); next candidate in Compare; next photo in Survey |
= / - | Larger / smaller thumbnails |
⌘U | Auto Light (Develop) |
⌘G / ⇧⌘G | Group the selected photos into a stack / unstack (Photo ▸ Stacking) |
S / ⇧S | Collapse or expand the stack of the selected photo / move the selected photo to the top of its stack |
⌘' | Create Virtual Copy (Photo menu; a copy keeps the master's file but has its own edits, rating, flag, label and keywords) |
⌃H | Photo Merge ▸ HDR… (the selected bracketed RAW photos) |
⌃⇧H | Photo Merge ▸ HDR with Previous Settings: merges the HDR straight away with the last options, without the preview (hold Shift in the menu) |
⌃M | Photo Merge ▸ Panorama… (the selected overlapping RAW photos) |
⌃⇧M | Photo Merge ▸ Panorama with Previous Settings: merges a panorama straight away with the last options, without the preview (hold Shift in the menu) |
⌘E / ⌥⌘E | Photo ▸ Edit In: edit the selected photos in the primary / additional external editor (Settings ▸ External Editing) |
⌘[ / ⌘] | Rotate left (counterclockwise) / right (clockwise) |
⇧⌘R | Revert to Original (selected photos) |
⇧⌘C / ⇧⌘V | Copy Settings (the selected photo's) / Paste Settings (a copied preset or photo's settings onto every selected photo) |
⇧⌘I | Import Photos: opens the import window (see Importing photos); in it, Space checks or unchecks the selected photos, and while a photo is enlarged ← / → step and Esc returns to the grid |
⌘F | Show the Library Filter bar's Text mode (alongside any other active modes) and put the cursor in its search field |
` | Show or hide the Develop loupe (hold and click to place it) |
⌘, | Settings (General: confirm when quitting; Appearance: appearance, matte color and Monochrome Mode; Import: JPEG sidecars and opening the import window when a card is inserted; Displays: the secondary window's display; External Editing) |
⌘Q | Quit, after asking "Are you sure you want to quit?" (Return quits; turn the question off in Settings ▸ General or with its Don't ask again box) |
⌃⌘F | Enter or exit full screen for the app window |
F6 | Show or hide the filmstrip |
⌘F11 / ⇧⌘F11 | Show or hide the secondary window / make it full screen, on the display chosen in Settings ▸ Displays (also the toolbar's display button and Window ▸ Secondary Display; the button shows when more than one display is connected) |
⇧G / ⇧E / ⇧C / ⇧N | Secondary window: Grid / Loupe – Normal / Compare / Survey (opens it if it's hidden). Window ▸ Secondary Display also has Loupe – Live (the photo under the pointer in the main window) and Show Second Monitor Preview (while it's full screen). In the secondary window = / - size its own thumbnails, E or Return switches views, ← / → step through photos (or candidates in Compare) and Esc returns to the grid |
⇧⌘Return | Secondary window: Loupe – Locked (keeps the photo on show until you choose another view; again to unlock) |
R | Crop & Straighten (Develop); in the crop tool Return applies, Esc cancels, X flips the orientation |
J | Show or hide shadow and highlight clipping on the Develop preview |
Y / ⌥Y / ⇧Y | Develop's Before/After (View ▸ Before/After): the photo before its edits left of / above the edited photo, or Split Screen (one photo, before left of a line down the middle and after right of it); the same key again goes back to the edited photo |
\ | Library: show or hide the Library Filter bar (View ▸ Hide Filter Bar; hiding it keeps its filters, and the filmstrip shows "42 of 310 photos" while they leave photos out). Develop: Before Only, the photo before its edits; \ again shows it edited |
W | White Balance Selector: click something that should be neutral gray (Develop ▸ Adjust) |
⌘K | Add Keywords: the cursor in the right sidebar's Keywords field (in Library; shows the sidebar if hidden) |
Tab | Show or hide both sidebars (in Develop: the folder sidebar and the adjustment panel) |
⌫ | Remove Photo (the selected photos in the grid, or the photo shown): remove from the catalog, or also move to the Trash |
⇧⌫ | Remove Selected Photo (every selected photo) |
⌥⇧⌘⌫ | Remove and Trash Photo (remove the selected photos and move their files and sidecars to the Trash) |
⌘⌫ | Delete Rejected Photos (shows the rejected photos in the catalog or folder, then removes or trashes them) |
⌘N | New Collection (Library menu; ⌥⌘N is now New Catalog) |
⇧⌘E | Export… |
⌥⇧⌘E | Export with Previous |
B | Add the selected photos to the target collection (or remove them if they're all in it) |
C | Compare the two selected photos (or the selected photo and the next); C or Esc to leave |
N | Survey: every selected photo side by side; N or Esc to leave |
⌘Return | Impromptu Slideshow of the selected photos (or every photo in the grid) on this display; Esc or ⌘Return stops, Space pauses, ← / → step |
⌥⇧⌘Return | Slideshow on the secondary display while you keep working (again to stop) |
⌃⌥⌘C | Contact Sheet: a window laying out the selected photos (or every photo in the grid) on pages, saved as a PDF with Generate… (see Contact sheets) |
⌃⌥⌘W | Web Gallery: a window laying out the selected photos (or every photo in the grid) as web pages (see Web galleries) |