Coefficient

Solana stake pool health dashboard — scoring how multi-validator stake pools impact network decentralization.

Live at coefficient.mythx.art

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What is Coefficient?

Stake pools control tens of millions of SOL and decide which validators receive delegation. Some pools genuinely support small validators and geographic diversity. Others concentrate stake in the superminority or require validators to buy tokens for delegation.

Coefficient scores each pool on how well it distributes stake, not just how much yield it generates. It's pool-centric, not validator-centric — answering: "Where is each pool's SOL going, and is that good or bad for the network?"

Pools Tracked

Coefficient tracks multi-validator stake pools with 10+ validators. Single-validator Sanctum wrappers (~170+) are excluded since they don't make delegation decisions.

Pool	LST	Program
Jito	JitoSOL	SPL Stake Pool
DoubleZero	dSOL	SPL Stake Pool
BlazeStake	bSOL	SPL Stake Pool
JPool	JSOL	SPL Stake Pool
Phase Delegation	phaseSOL	SPL Stake Pool
Vault	vSOL	SPL Stake Pool
dynoSOL	dynoSOL	SPL Stake Pool
JagPool	jagSOL	SPL Stake Pool
STKE	stkeSOL	SPL Stake Pool
Marinade	mSOL	Marinade
Shinobi	shinSOL	SPL Stake Pool
Definity	dfSOL	Sanctum Multi
IndieSOL	indSOL	SPL Stake Pool

Scoring

Each pool receives a Network Health Score (0–100) composed of 7 weighted sub-scores:

Sub-Score	Weight	What It Measures
Small Validator Bias	20%	Stake to validators below median vs. superminority
Nakamoto Impact	20%	Would removing this pool's delegation hurt the Nakamoto Coefficient?
Sandwich Policy	15%	Exposure to known sandwich validators
Stake Distribution	15%	How evenly stake is spread across validators (Shannon entropy + count bonus)
Self-Dealing	10%	Token purchase or LST staking requirements for delegation
Geographic Diversity	10%	Shannon entropy of stake-weighted country distribution
Commission Discipline	10%	Percentage of validators at ≤10% commission

Scores are normalized to a [55, 95] curve. Grades: A (≥90), A- (≥85), B+ (≥80), B (≥75), B- (≥70), C+ (≥65), C (≥60), D (<60).

A Delegation Transparency grade (A–D) is also shown on each pool's detail page but carries 0% weight in the composite.

Pages

• / — Scorecard with all pools ranked by health score
• /pool/[id] — Pool detail: score breakdown, validator list, delegation history
• /validator/[pubkey] — Validator detail: pool memberships, profitability, commission
• /validators — Validator leaderboard with interactive geographic heatmap
• /compare — Side-by-side pool comparison
• /flows — Stake flow visualization (pools → validators)
• /insights — Narrative insights on MEV, geography, and delegation patterns
• /overlap — Ecosystem reach: validator overlap across pools
• /about — Methodology and data sources
• /embed — Embeddable score widgets

Data Sources

Source	What It Provides
Solana RPC	On-chain stake pool accounts, delegation lists, epoch data
StakeWiz	Validator names, geography, datacenter, skip rates, APY
Trillium	Per-epoch validator profitability and revenue breakdown
Marinade API	Marinade-specific delegation data
sandwiched.me	Sandwich validator blacklist
a-guard	Additional sandwich validator data
Solana Config Program	On-chain validator names (ValidatorInfo)

Tech Stack

• Framework: Next.js 16 (App Router) + TypeScript
• Styling: Tailwind CSS v4 + Framer Motion
• Database: Turso (libSQL) + Drizzle ORM
• Blockchain: @solana/web3.js + @solana/spl-stake-pool
• Visualization: D3.js (Sankey diagrams, geographic maps)
• Deployment: Vercel

Architecture

src/
├── app/              # Next.js pages and API routes
│   ├── api/          # /api/pools, /api/cron, /api/search, /api/embed
│   ├── pool/[id]/    # Pool detail pages
│   ├── validator/    # Validator detail pages
│   └── ...           # Other pages
├── components/       # React components
├── db/               # Drizzle schema, queries, seed data
├── indexer/          # Data pipeline
│   ├── fetchers/     # Solana RPC, StakeWiz, Marinade, ValidatorInfo
│   ├── scoring/      # 7 sub-score algorithms + composite
│   ├── data/         # Pool registry, overrides, sandwich list
│   └── run.ts        # CLI entry point
└── lib/              # Shared types, utilities, grade computation

Indexer Pipeline

The indexer runs daily via Vercel cron (/api/cron):

1. Fetch epoch info from Solana RPC
2. Fetch validator data (RPC + StakeWiz + Marinade + on-chain ValidatorInfo)
3. Parse on-chain stake pool delegation accounts
4. Load sandwich validator blacklist
5. Compute all sub-scores and weighted composite
6. Write epoch snapshot to database
7. Send webhook alerts only when the cron indexer errors

Development

# Install dependencies
npm install

# Run development server
npm run dev

# Run indexer (requires .env with TURSO_DATABASE_URL, TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN)
npm run index

# Dry run (no DB writes)
npm run index:dry

# Force reindex current epoch
npm run index:force

# Build for production
npm run build

Environment Variables

Variable	Required	Description
SOLANA_RPC_URL	No	Primary Solana mainnet RPC (e.g. Helius); falls back to the public api.mainnet-beta.solana.com on errors, and is used alone when unset
TURSO_DATABASE_URL	Yes	Turso database URL
TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN	Yes	Turso authentication token
CRON_SECRET	Yes	Secret for Vercel cron authentication
ALERT_WEBHOOK_URL	No	Telegram, Discord, or Slack webhook for cron error alerts

Built by Mythx

Coefficient is an open-source project by Mythx, a Solana validator operator.